2005-6-9 01:58
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石涛（1642-1707）清代杰出画家。原姓朱，名若极，小字阿长， 发为僧后，更名元济、超济、原济、道济，自称苦瓜和尚，游南京时，得长竿一枝，因号枝下叟，别署阿长，钝根，山乘客、济山僧、石道人、一枝阁，他的别号很多，还有大涤子、清湘遗人、清湘陈人、靖江后人、清湘老人、晚号瞎尊者、零丁老人等。广西全州（今全县）人。明靖江王朱赞仪十世孙，父亨嘉因自称监国，被唐王朱聿键处死于福州。时石涛年幼，由太监带走，后为僧。凡山水、人物、花果、兰竹、梅花，无不精妙。且能熔铸千古，独出手眼。其构图之奇妙，笔墨之神化，题诗之超逸，都表现了他的风骨，早脱前人窠臼。他轻视泥古不化之风，是明末清初画坛革新派的代表人物。强调“画家要面向现实，投身到大自然中去”，“搜尽奇峰打草稿”，创造自己的艺术意境。要“借古以开今”，从实际生活中获得感受。其创造性，就表现在他个人心情与自然的交流，达到从古人入、从造化出的艺术境界。他的皴法是为山川“开生面”，用得很灵活。他分析画中的“点”说：点有雨雪风睛，四时得宜；点有反正阴阳衬贴；点有夹水恶化墨，一气混杂；点有含苞藻丝，缨络连牵；点有空空洞洞，干燥没味；点有有墨无墨，飞白如烟；点有似焦似漆，遢透明；点更有两点，未肯向人道破；有没天没地，当头劈面点；有千岩万壑，明净无一点。直到年老力衰病重时，仍作设色山水册书画各十二帧。作品有：《松鹤图》、《十六阿罗应真图卷》、《疏竹幽兰图》、《枯墨赭色山水》、《云山图》、《兰竹图》、《乔松图》以及《山水册》。
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2005-6-9 01:59
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